The Colt 1851 Navy revolver, a true icon of the American Old West, holds a fascinating place in firearms history. While initially a percussion cap revolver, its enduring popularity led to numerous modifications and conversions, the most significant being the conversion to cartridge firing. This article delves into the intricacies of the 1851 Colt Navy cartridge conversion, exploring its history, the process of conversion, common variations, and its relevance today.
The Allure of the 1851 Colt Navy
The original 1851 Colt Navy, with its elegant design and reliable mechanism, quickly became a favorite among civilians and soldiers alike. Its .36 caliber black powder rounds, while effective at close range, were ultimately limited by the relatively slow reload times inherent to percussion cap firearms. The advent of metallic cartridges in the mid-19th century offered a significant advantage, prompting the development of conversion cylinders.
The Conversion Process: From Percussion to Cartridge
Converting an 1851 Colt Navy to fire metallic cartridges wasn't a simple task. It involved significant modification to the existing cylinder. The percussion nipples were removed, and the cylinder was rebored and chambered to accept the new cartridges. This required considerable skill and precision, often undertaken by experienced gunsmiths. The caliber most commonly used for conversions was the .22 Short, .32 Short, or .38 Short Colt, although other calibers also saw use depending on the converter's preferences and availability of parts. Improper conversions could compromise the firearm's structural integrity and safety.
Key Differences in Conversion Types
Several key differences exist between various conversion cylinders:
- Materials: Conversion cylinders were made from various materials, including steel and brass. The strength and longevity varied depending on the material used.
- Calibers: As mentioned earlier, a range of cartridges could be accommodated. The choice of caliber impacted the accuracy and power of the converted revolver.
- Manufacturer: Numerous gunsmiths and companies undertook conversion work, leading to variations in quality and design details. Some conversions were more meticulously crafted than others.
- Markings: Often, conversion cylinders bore markings indicating the caliber and sometimes the manufacturer. These markings are crucial for collectors and researchers in identifying the specific history of a given firearm.
The 1851 Colt Navy Cartridge Conversion Today
Today, original 1851 Colt Navy cartridge conversions are highly sought-after collectibles. Their historical significance, coupled with their unique design and functionality, makes them prized possessions for firearms enthusiasts and collectors. However, it's crucial to remember that these are antique firearms and should be handled with extreme care and respect for safety.
While original conversions are rare and expensive, modern reproductions are available that offer a similar experience. These reproductions provide a safer and more accessible way to appreciate the historical legacy of the Colt 1851 Navy cartridge conversion.
Safety First: A Critical Note
Before handling or firing any antique firearm, including an 1851 Colt Navy cartridge conversion, it is absolutely imperative to have a thorough understanding of firearms safety. Consult with experienced gunsmiths and experts to ensure safe operation. Always handle antique firearms with caution and never attempt any modifications or repairs without the necessary expertise.
In conclusion, the 1851 Colt Navy cartridge conversion represents a significant chapter in the evolution of firearms technology. Its historical impact and ongoing popularity attest to the enduring appeal of this iconic revolver. Whether an original conversion or a modern reproduction, this piece of history continues to fascinate and intrigue firearm enthusiasts worldwide.
