Choosing the right shotgun gauge depends heavily on personal preference and intended use. While 12 gauge remains the dominant choice, the 20 gauge offers a compelling alternative, particularly for smaller-framed shooters or those seeking reduced recoil. This guide provides a comprehensive look at 20 gauge recoil, offering a helpful chart and insights to aid your decision-making process.
Understanding Recoil
Recoil, the backward force felt after firing a shotgun, is influenced by several factors:
- Gauge: Lower gauges (like 12 gauge) have larger bores, resulting in greater recoil than higher gauges (like 20 gauge).
- Shell Type: Heavier loads, such as those with larger shot sizes or higher velocities, produce more recoil. Light target loads will have considerably less recoil than magnum waterfowl loads.
- Shotgun Weight: Heavier shotguns absorb recoil more effectively, making them feel less harsh. A lighter shotgun will amplify the felt recoil.
- Stock Design: The shape and material of the stock influence how recoil is transferred to the shooter. Recoil pads can significantly reduce perceived recoil.
20 Gauge Recoil Chart (Approximate Values)
The following chart provides approximate recoil values for various 20 gauge loads. These are estimations and can vary based on the specific firearm and ammunition used. Always consult the manufacturer's specifications for precise data.
| Load Type | Shot Weight (oz) | Velocity (fps) | Approximate Recoil (ft-lbs) | Felt Recoil (Subjective) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light Target Load | 7/8 | 1145 | 2-3 | Very Mild |
| Standard Target Load | 1 | 1200 | 3-4 | Mild |
| Upland Game Load | 1 1/8 | 1250 | 4-5 | Moderate |
| Heavy Field Load | 1 1/4 | 1300 | 5-6 | Moderate to Strong |
| Magnum Duck Load | 1 1/4 | 1400 | 6-7 | Strong |
Note: "Felt Recoil" is a subjective measure and varies greatly based on individual shooter tolerance and firearm characteristics.
Factors Affecting Perceived Recoil
Beyond the objective measurements, several factors influence how much recoil a shooter perceives:
- Shooter's Build: Smaller and lighter shooters will experience recoil more intensely than larger, heavier shooters.
- Shooting Stance: A proper shooting stance, maintaining a firm grip and shoulder mount, helps manage recoil effectively.
- Recoil Pad: A quality recoil pad absorbs a significant portion of the recoil impulse, reducing the felt recoil considerably.
Choosing the Right 20 Gauge Load
The best 20 gauge load depends entirely on your intended use:
- Sporting Clays/Target Shooting: Light target loads offer minimal recoil, allowing for faster target acquisition and follow-up shots.
- Upland Bird Hunting: Standard or slightly heavier loads provide sufficient stopping power without excessive recoil.
- Waterfowl Hunting: Heavier magnum loads are necessary for larger birds, but these will produce a noticeable recoil.
Conclusion
While the 20 gauge offers reduced recoil compared to the 12 gauge, it's crucial to select the appropriate load for your intended purpose and experience level. Understanding the factors influencing recoil and utilizing techniques to mitigate it will make your shooting experience more enjoyable and effective. Remember to always practice safe firearm handling and prioritize personal safety.
