The .45-70 Government cartridge, a legendary round with a rich history, demands careful consideration when it comes to powder selection for reloading. Choosing the right powder isn't just about achieving the desired velocity; it's about safety, accuracy, and consistent performance. This guide will delve into the best powders for various .45-70 applications, helping you make informed decisions for your reloading projects. Disclaimer: Always consult your reloading manual and adhere to published load data before attempting to reload ammunition. This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute professional reloading advice.
Factors Influencing Powder Selection
Several factors must be considered when selecting the best powder for your .45-70 reloading:
1. Cartridge Type:
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Cast Bullets: Cast bullets, often favored for their affordability and reduced recoil, generally benefit from slower-burning powders. These powders allow for complete combustion within the longer barrel of a .45-70, maximizing velocity and minimizing leading. Examples include IMR 4198, IMR 3031, and Accurate No. 5744.
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Jacketed Bullets: Jacketed bullets, offering superior accuracy and higher velocities, can tolerate a wider range of powders. However, faster-burning powders might still produce better results in shorter barrels. Popular choices include IMR 4895, H4895, and Hodgdon's Unique.
2. Barrel Length:
The length of your barrel significantly impacts powder selection. Longer barrels generally benefit from slower-burning powders, allowing for complete combustion and optimal velocity. Shorter barrels might require faster-burning powders to prevent pressure spikes and ensure reliable ignition.
3. Desired Velocity:
The intended use of your ammunition (e.g., target shooting, hunting, black powder substitute) influences the desired velocity and, consequently, powder choice. Higher velocities typically require faster-burning powders, while lower velocities are often achieved with slower-burning options.
4. Pressure:
Maintaining safe pressure levels is paramount. Selecting a powder that falls within the recommended pressure range for your specific bullet and case is crucial. Exceeding maximum pressure can lead to dangerous consequences, including catastrophic barrel failure.
Top Powder Choices for .45-70 Reloading
While numerous powders are suitable for .45-70 reloading, some consistently stand out for their performance and reliability:
Slower Burning Powders (Suitable for longer barrels and cast bullets):
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IMR 4198: A very versatile powder known for its accuracy and low pressure characteristics, making it an excellent choice for cast bullets in longer barrels.
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IMR 3031: Another excellent all-around powder, known for its consistent performance and suitability across various bullet weights.
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Accurate No. 5744: A popular choice for cast bullet loads, delivering good accuracy and manageable recoil. This powder is particularly well-suited for heavier bullets.
Medium-Burning Powders (Versatile options for various applications):
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IMR 4895: A widely used powder offering good accuracy and moderate recoil, suitable for both cast and jacketed bullets.
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H4895: Similar to IMR 4895 in its performance characteristics, H4895 is a reliable choice for a variety of .45-70 applications.
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Hodgdon's Unique: A versatile powder known for its ability to handle a range of bullet weights and velocities.
Choosing the Right Powder for You
The "best" powder ultimately depends on your specific needs and preferences. Carefully consider your barrel length, bullet type, desired velocity, and the reloading manual's recommendations before making a selection. Experimentation (always safely and within recommended pressure limits!) might be necessary to find the optimal powder for your individual setup. Remember, precision and safety should always be your top priorities when reloading ammunition.
