Ammunition, while seemingly inert, is a complex chemical mixture that can degrade over time. The question, "Can ammo go bad?" is a definite yes, although the rate of degradation and its impact depend heavily on several factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for responsible gun ownership and ensuring the safety and reliability of your firearms.
Factors Affecting Ammunition Shelf Life
Several environmental factors influence how quickly ammunition degrades:
1. Temperature:
- Extreme heat: This is the biggest enemy of ammunition. High temperatures accelerate the chemical reactions within the cartridge, potentially leading to:
- Powder degradation: The propellant can become less stable, resulting in reduced velocity, inconsistent performance, or even dangerous pressure spikes.
- Primer failure: The primer's sensitivity can decrease, making it harder to reliably ignite the propellant.
- Case corrosion: Heat and humidity can accelerate corrosion, especially in brass or steel casings.
- Extreme cold: While less damaging than heat, extreme cold can affect primer sensitivity, making ignition more difficult or unreliable.
2. Humidity:
High humidity is a breeding ground for corrosion. Moisture can lead to rust on the casing, damage to the propellant, and degradation of the primer. This is especially problematic for ammunition stored in metal containers.
3. Light Exposure:
While not as significant as temperature and humidity, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) light, can degrade some ammunition components over time.
4. Storage Location:
The location where you store your ammunition is crucial. Avoid damp basements, attics with fluctuating temperatures, and areas prone to flooding or excessive temperature changes. A cool, dry, and dark place is ideal.
5. Ammunition Type:
Different ammunition types have varying shelf lives. For example, centerfire rifle ammunition generally lasts longer than rimfire ammunition, which is more susceptible to moisture and degradation.
Signs of Degraded Ammunition
While it's impossible to know the exact condition without testing, certain signs indicate potential problems:
- Visible corrosion: Rust or pitting on the casing.
- Powder discoloration: Changes in the propellant's color or texture.
- Damaged primers: Primers that appear dented, corroded, or otherwise compromised.
- Unusual odors: An acrid or unusual smell emanating from the ammunition.
How to Properly Store Ammunition
Proper storage is key to extending the life of your ammunition:
- Cool and dry environment: Aim for a temperature between 50°F and 70°F (10°C and 21°C) and low humidity.
- Dark storage: Avoid direct sunlight.
- Proper containers: Use airtight containers, ideally those designed for ammunition storage. Consider desiccant packs to absorb moisture.
- Separate ammunition types: Store different calibers and types of ammunition separately to prevent accidental mixing.
- Regular inspection: Periodically inspect your ammunition for signs of degradation.
When to Discard Ammunition
If you notice any signs of degradation (corrosion, powder discoloration, damaged primers, unusual odors), it's best to discard the ammunition safely. Never attempt to fire ammunition that shows signs of deterioration. Contact your local law enforcement agency or a licensed firearms dealer for safe disposal instructions.
Conclusion: Responsible Ammunition Management
Understanding how ammunition degrades and implementing proper storage practices are essential for responsible gun ownership. By following these guidelines, you can ensure the safety and reliability of your ammunition, safeguarding yourself and others. Remember, safety should always be the top priority.
