Identifying an antique double barrel shotgun, particularly one with hammers, requires careful examination and a methodical approach. These firearms, often family heirlooms or discovered during estate sales, hold historical significance and can be valuable. However, proper identification is crucial for safe handling, accurate valuation, and understanding its place in history. This guide will walk you through the key steps involved.
Understanding the Basics of Hammer Guns
Before diving into identification, let's establish some fundamental knowledge. Hammer guns, unlike modern shotguns, have externally visible hammers that must be manually cocked before firing. This design is characteristic of older firearms, typically manufactured before the mid-20th century. Understanding this mechanism is essential for safe handling—never point a firearm at anything you don't intend to shoot, even if you believe it to be unloaded.
Key Features for Identification
Identifying your antique double barrel shotgun involves examining several crucial features:
1. Manufacturer Markings
The most reliable method of identification is through manufacturer markings. These are typically stamped or engraved on the receiver, barrels, or even the stock. Look for:
- Company names: These might be abbreviated or stylized. Common manufacturers included Parker, Ithaca, Lefever, Fox, and many others. Researching known manufacturers is key.
- Model numbers or designations: Manufacturers often assigned specific numbers or letters to different models.
- Serial numbers: These are unique to each firearm and can help trace its history and potentially identify its date of manufacture. This information, along with manufacturer details, are invaluable for researching the shotgun's age and value.
2. Barrel Details
The barrels offer further clues:
- Gauge: The gauge indicates the diameter of the barrel. Common gauges for antique shotguns include 12, 16, 20, and others. The gauge is usually stamped on the barrel itself.
- Length: Barrel length significantly affects the shotgun's handling and ballistics. Measure the barrel length from the breech face to the muzzle.
- Proof marks: These marks indicate that the barrel has passed safety tests. Proof marks vary by country of origin and time period.
3. Stock and Action Features
Beyond the barrels and receiver, consider these:
- Wood type: The type of wood used in the stock can provide hints about the shotgun's age and quality. Look for features like grain patterns and color.
- Engraving: Intricate engravings often indicate higher-quality, more expensive shotguns.
- Action type: The action type (how the barrels open and close) is another distinguishing characteristic. Side-by-side, boxlock, and sidelock actions are common in antique double barrel shotguns.
4. Overall Condition
The condition of the shotgun plays a large role in its value. Note:
- Metal finish: Is it blued, browned, or nickel-plated? The level of wear and tear also matters.
- Wood condition: Look for cracks, chips, repairs, and the overall state of the stock's finish.
- Mechanics: How smoothly does the action function? Proper functioning is crucial for safety and value.
Resources for Identification
Several resources can assist in identifying your antique double barrel shotgun:
- Online databases and forums: Websites and forums dedicated to firearms enthusiasts and collectors can provide valuable information. Research using manufacturer names and any markings you've identified.
- Books on antique firearms: Numerous books offer detailed information on different manufacturers, models, and features of antique shotguns.
- Gunsmiths and appraisers: Consulting with a qualified gunsmith or firearms appraiser can provide expert analysis and authentication. This is especially important if you're considering selling or insuring the firearm.
Safety First
Remember, handling antique firearms requires caution. If you're unsure about anything, consult with a professional. Never attempt to disassemble or repair the firearm yourself without proper training.
By methodically examining the features mentioned above and using available resources, you'll be well-equipped to identify your antique double barrel shotgun. This knowledge will not only satisfy your curiosity but also contribute to the appreciation and preservation of this piece of history.
