Checking AR-15 headspace is crucial for ensuring the safe and reliable function of your firearm. While using headspace gauges is the most accurate method, there are ways to perform a rudimentary check without them, provided you understand the limitations and proceed with caution. This method should not replace professional headspace gauging; it's intended for a preliminary assessment only.
Understanding AR-15 Headspace
Before diving into the alternative check, let's briefly explain what headspace is. Headspace is the distance between the bolt face and the breech face of the barrel. Improper headspace—either too much (excessive headspace) or too little—can lead to dangerous malfunctions, including:
- Failure to fire: The primer may not be struck correctly due to insufficient force.
- Squib loads: A partially burnt cartridge can become lodged in the barrel, causing a dangerous obstruction.
- Case head separation: The cartridge case can rupture, potentially causing injury.
- Bullet setback: The bullet can be pushed back into the cartridge case, reducing accuracy or leading to dangerous pressure increases.
Visual Inspection: A Preliminary Check (Without Gauges)
This method involves a careful visual examination of the cartridge case after firing. It is crucial to remember this is not a definitive headspace check and only provides a general indication.
What to Look For:
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Case Head Swelling or Bulging: Examine the cartridge case for any significant swelling or bulging at the base. Excessive headspace can cause the case to expand excessively upon firing, resulting in visible bulging. A slight expansion is normal, but significant bulging is a serious warning sign.
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Case Head Separation: Check for any cracks or splits in the cartridge case head. This is a clear indication of dangerously high chamber pressure due to excessive headspace.
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Primer Flowback: Observe the primer. Excessive headspace can sometimes force primer material back into the bolt face. Look for any unusual amount of primer material.
Important Considerations:
- Fire only one round: Use a single round for this test. This minimizes potential risks.
- Use a known good round: Ensure the ammunition you use is of high quality and known to function correctly.
- Inspect the casing carefully: Thoroughly examine the casing for any subtle signs of damage, even slight inconsistencies.
Limitations of the Visual Inspection
This visual inspection is not a precise measurement. It's purely a visual assessment of potential problems. Even a seemingly normal casing doesn't guarantee proper headspace. This method should only be used in conjunction with other tests or as a temporary measure before professional headspace gauging.
Seeking Professional Help
If you have any concerns about your AR-15's headspace, it is vital to consult a qualified gunsmith. They have the tools and expertise to accurately measure your headspace and determine if adjustments or repairs are necessary. Improper headspace can cause serious injury or damage.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered professional gunsmithing advice. Always prioritize safety and consult with a qualified professional when working with firearms. Improper handling of firearms can lead to serious injury or death.
