The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, is inextricably linked with a particular action type: the rolling block. These rifles, known for their robust construction and potent firepower, hold a special place in the hearts of collectors and shooters alike. This guide delves into the fascinating world of rolling block rifles chambered in .45-70, exploring their history, variations, and enduring appeal.
A History Steeped in Military Might
The rolling block action, patented by Lorenz Martini in 1869, quickly gained popularity for its simplicity, strength, and relatively fast cycling speed compared to other contemporary designs. This made it ideal for military applications, and it was adopted by numerous countries worldwide. Its use in the .45-70 Government cartridge cemented its place in history, particularly in the context of the American West.
The U.S. Army adopted variations of the rolling block rifle, notably the Remington Rolling Block, as a standard-issue firearm. These rifles saw service in various conflicts, including the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War, establishing a legendary status in American folklore. Their powerful cartridge and reliable action made them effective weapons in both hunting and military scenarios.
Key Features of the Rolling Block Action
- Simplicity: The rolling block's mechanism is remarkably straightforward, involving a block that rotates to lock and unlock the breech. This simplicity translated to ease of manufacture and maintenance.
- Strength: The design is inherently strong, capable of handling the high pressures generated by powerful cartridges like the .45-70.
- Accuracy: While not known for extreme long-range precision, rolling block rifles were generally quite accurate at typical hunting and combat distances.
- Loading: Loading could be relatively quick, particularly with some of the later designs that incorporated features to streamline the process.
Variations and Manufacturers
Numerous manufacturers produced rolling block rifles in .45-70, each with its own unique features and markings. Some of the most well-known include:
- Remington: The Remington Rolling Block was arguably the most prolific and well-known variant, produced in large quantities for both military and civilian markets.
- Sharps: While Sharps is better known for its single-shot rifles, they also produced some rolling block models.
- Other International Manufacturers: Countries such as Belgium, Sweden, and Norway also produced rolling block rifles in .45-70, often with their own specific military markings and variations.
Collecting Rolling Block Rifles
The popularity of rolling block rifles in .45-70 among collectors remains strong. These rifles represent a significant piece of firearms history, and their robust construction often means that many examples survive in surprisingly good condition. However, potential collectors should be aware that prices vary significantly depending on condition, manufacturer, and specific markings.
Factors Affecting Value
- Condition: The overall condition of the rifle, including the bore, stock, and metal finish, significantly impacts its value. A well-preserved example will command a much higher price than a heavily worn one.
- Manufacturer: Remington rolling blocks are generally more sought after than those from lesser-known manufacturers.
- Markings: Military markings and other unique features can increase a rifle's value.
- Rarity: Certain variations or models are rarer than others, leading to higher prices.
Shooting the .45-70 Rolling Block
Shooting a rolling block rifle in .45-70 can be a rewarding experience, but it's crucial to remember that these are powerful rifles that require respect and careful handling. Modern ammunition is generally readily available, but it's important to use appropriately loaded ammunition suitable for the specific rifle. Always prioritize safety and follow safe firearm handling practices.
Conclusion
Rolling block rifles chambered in .45-70 Government represent a fascinating chapter in firearms history. Their robust design, potent cartridge, and significant role in military and civilian life have ensured their enduring popularity among collectors and enthusiasts alike. Understanding their history, variations, and characteristics provides a deeper appreciation for these iconic firearms.
