The romantic image of a stagecoach rumbling across the Wild West, guarded by a shotgun-toting passenger, often conjures up a specific firearm: the 20 gauge double barrel. While not every stagecoach carried this exact configuration, it was a popular and practical choice, and understanding its history, features, and current collectibility is fascinating.
A Practical Choice for the Open Range
The 20 gauge offered a compelling compromise for stagecoach defense. Larger gauges, like 10 or 12, packed more stopping power but were heavier and more cumbersome for prolonged carrying. Smaller gauges lacked the necessary punch for deterring determined attackers or dealing with dangerous wildlife. The 20 gauge struck a balance: manageable weight, decent stopping power with appropriate shot loads, and sufficient capacity with two barrels. This made it ideal for both personal protection and dealing with potential threats along the often-treacherous routes.
Key Features of Stagecoach-Era 20 Gauge Double Barrels:
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Side-by-Side Configuration: This classic design allowed for quick follow-up shots. The barrels were placed parallel to each other, typically with hammers externally visible.
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Break-Action Mechanism: These shotguns opened at the breech for loading, offering simple and reliable operation, even under pressure.
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Simple, Durable Construction: Many were made with relatively simple designs, prioritizing durability and ease of maintenance over intricate ornamentation. Materials tended towards robust steel and wood.
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Variety of Finishes: While some were highly polished, many sported more practical finishes, resistant to the harsh conditions of the frontier. Blued steel and oiled wood were common.
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Lack of Extensive Engraving: While some higher-end models might have had some engraving, the majority of stagecoach shotguns were functional over fancy, reflecting their utilitarian purpose.
Beyond the Stagecoach: The 20 Gauge's Legacy
The 20 gauge double barrel wasn't solely a stagecoach firearm. Its versatility ensured its popularity for a wide range of uses:
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Hunting: Effective for small to medium-sized game.
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Home Defense: A reliable and readily available option for protection.
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Law Enforcement: Used by various law enforcement agencies in different eras.
Collectibility and Value
Today, well-preserved 20 gauge double barrel shotguns from the stagecoach era and subsequent periods are highly sought-after collector's items. Their value depends on several factors:
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Maker and Model: Reputable manufacturers from the past command higher prices.
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Condition: Excellent condition, with minimal wear and tear, significantly increases value.
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Originality: Authenticity and the lack of modifications are crucial for collectors.
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Accessories: Original accessories, like cases or cleaning kits, add to the value.
Identifying Authentic Stagecoach-Era Shotguns
Determining the precise origin and history of an antique firearm can be challenging. Detailed research involving the firearm's markings, construction, and any accompanying documentation is essential. Consulting with reputable firearms appraisers and historians can help authenticate a shotgun's age and historical significance.
Conclusion: A Piece of American History
The 20 gauge double barrel shotgun holds a significant place in American history, symbolizing the rugged individualism and practicality of the Wild West. Whether you're a firearms enthusiast, a history buff, or a collector, understanding its role and appreciating its legacy adds a fascinating layer to the lore of the stagecoach and the era it represents. Researching specific manufacturers and models will provide deeper insights into the nuances of these historically significant firearms.
